A theory-based behavior-change intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in undergraduate students: Trial protocol Full Text

However, there are very
few studies of youth-focused media campaigns that deal with
alcohol consumption as the main outcome variable for evaluating
results, particularly for youths not yet in college. The
evaluation of the Australian National Alcohol Campaign measured
consumption before and after its focused launch and booster
campaigns; it did not find consistent evidence of reduced
consumption (Ball
et al., 2002). The teen-focused part of the Winners
Campaign had a quite weak evaluation component (with only 100
respondents per city); it, too, did not detect behavioral
effects (Wallack,
1979; Wallack and Barrows, 1982). Some successful
programs, like Project Northland how to do an intervention for an alcoholic (Perry et al., 2002) and the
Midwestern Prevention Project (Pentz et al., 1989) made use
of community media as part of a multifaceted campaign, but one
cannot separate the effects of media from other components of
the strategy. There are two additional field trials now
approaching completion, each of which has incorporated a
discrete mass media component, but those results have not yet
been published (Robert Hornik personal communications with
Michael Slater and Brian Flynn, 2003). As of this writing, the
committee does not have evidence of success in reducing youth
alcohol use from any evaluated campaign (excluding limited
evidence on specific college campuses).

• MSH conceived the study, developed the protocol and methods, and took a lead role in drafting the manuscript.
• Even when physicians do counsel adolescents regarding alcohol
  use, they predominantly use ineffective interventions (Millstein
  and Marcell, 2002).
• Available research does not allow recommendation of particular
  approaches in these settings.
• During the protocol preparation (2020–2021), the Scientific committee met three times.

Of the
campuses reporting they use parental notification as a
sanction, 59 percent use mail correspondence as the vehicle
to notify parents. This survey also reported that campus
officials rated the response of parents who received
notification of their child’s alcohol or drug violation as
very supportive (72 percent) and supportive (6 percent). Parental Monitoring and Supervision
Parents are a powerful source of influence on their
children, and, using the right practices, parents can
significantly decrease the likelihood that their children will
drink. Monitoring can make gaining access to alcohol
more difficult and can help to reinforce family rules and
policies prohibiting the use of alcohol. Programs can provide
parents with skills and motivation for actively monitoring and
supervising their children.

Who should be on the intervention team?

Although the standard drink amounts are helpful for following health guidelines, they may not reflect customary serving sizes. A large cup of beer, an overpoured glass of wine, or a single mixed drink could contain much more alcohol than a standard drink. The consequences of underage drinking can affect everyone—regardless of age or drinking status.

The personalized feedback sheet contains the information from the intervention in a format viewable at a later time, as well as resources for seeking help on campus and in the community for drinking, sexual violence, and mental health. The challenge for the judicial process is in balancing
responsibilities in several different areas—enforcing the
university’s policy, encouraging health-promoting behavior, and
protecting the rights of students who drink moderately or choose
not to drink at all. Research has noted that effective early
intervention strategies rely on consistent enforcement of
policies on the campus, which is essential to the quality of the
educational environment (Wechsler and Davenport, 1999). Interactive
Educational programs demonstrated to reduce alcohol use
and abuse have all been highly interactive. That is, they did
not rely on didactically presented messages, but used teaching
techniques that encouraged participants to be actively engaged
in the process of forming social norms.

How to Hold an Intervention About Someone’s Drinking

Training should be provided for key individuals all
of these institutions about indicators of risk and procedures for
referral. Healthcare facilities have significant and promising, but as yet
unproven, potential to influence alcohol use and alcohol
problems among adolescents. Interventions using a variety of
media might be developed for patients to be implemented during
time spent in the waiting room and during follow-up visits. Future research should promote the development and evaluation of
innovative interventions that target adolescents in healthcare
settings. Additional research and evaluation are needed to
determine whether interventions implemented by physicians or
other healthcare professionals are effective with adolescents
and whether and how training can enhance effectiveness.

• Several studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in changing tobacco use behaviours among young people (Bilgiç & Günay, 2018; Ford et al., 2013; Mohammadi et al., 2019; Orsal & Ergun, 2021).
• This hypothesis might
  be supported by the idea that it is easier to ride with the
  current (reinforcing a trend already under way) than to row
  against it (trying to suppress an emerging or established
  behavioral trend).
• If no response is given, the response will be logged as “unanswered” and the next colour-word item will be presented.
• Children’s and parents’ self-completed paper questionnaires focus on living conditions, dietary habits, and sustainability components (Table 2).
• The
  anti-drug messages focused (through the end of 2002) on positive
  alternatives to drug use—“What’s your anti drug?
• Our fourth concern relates to whether the apparently successful
  anti-tobacco effort can be used as a prototype.

To assess overall drinking quantity, participants will then be asked to consider their typical drinking behavior over the past 30 days with, “During the past 30 days, on the days when you drank, about how many drinks did you drink on average,” with response options from 0 to 30 drinks. Pregaming frequency will then be asked with the item, “During the past 30 days, how many days did you engage in pregaming,” with response options from 0 to 30 days. Pregaming quantity will be assessed with an item asking, “During the past 30 days, on the days when you drank, about how many drinks did you drink during pregaming,” with response options from 0 to 30 drinks. Follow-up surveys will also ask intervention and control participants how long they spent viewing the content and whether they returned to review the content after initial viewing.

What does a model brief intervention look like? Seven steps for patient care

You may need to join forces with others and take action through a formal intervention. Similarly, at times when delivering a full brief intervention isn’t feasible, you can lay the groundwork for change by making a simple statement connecting alcohol use with one or more of the patient’s health conditions, then following up at the next visit. Here’s some information to help you get ready for your appointment, and what to expect from your health care provider or mental health provider. Treatment may involve a brief intervention, individual or group counseling, an outpatient program, or a residential inpatient stay.

A first quality control is made at the time of entry by signalling booklets which will need to be checked one by one for their plausibility and their completion. After the development of the database, the Stata® software is used to recode the inconsistencies https://ecosoberhouse.com/sober-house-boston/ (for instance, cacao added to a soup) and to identify extreme amounts of beverage consumption (for each intake and total for each day). As a cluster trial, all pupils of the schools in intervention groups receive the intervention.

Programs (and evaluations of these programs)
that seek to affect students who are already drinking are
somewhat less common. Further research on school-based
interventions with students already using alcohol is needed. The appropriate message focus for such prototype campaigns would
need to be researched, developed, and carefully tested before
launch. At a minimum, a campaign would have to focus on the
specific messages that can convince youths of the high risk of
heavy drinking. This research would balance epidemiological
evidence about the risks with evidence from research with
vulnerable youth as to what risks are of concern. There are a
variety of other possible focuses, including beliefs about the
outcomes of drinking, social norms about drinking, and skills to
avoid drinking.